Sensors are devices that detect and respond to physical inputs from the environment, such as temperature, pressure, light, motion, humidity, or chemical composition. They convert these physical changes into signals—usually electrical—that can be measured, monitored, and analyzed. Widely used across industries like manufacturing, automotive, healthcare, agriculture, and consumer electronics, sensors play a critical role in automation, monitoring, and control systems. By providing real-time data, sensors help improve operational efficiency, safety, and decision-making in both simple applications and complex technological systems.